Horlemann, Unkel / Bad Honnef 1993, ISBN 3-92, pp.
In: Dietmar Dirmoser and others (ed.): Market in the heads (= Latin America. Claus Füllberg-Stolberg, Bettina Grote: Jamaica at the end of the Manley era.Peter Bosshard: We finally have a government of love! Democratic socialism in Jamaica under Michael Manley (1972–1980).In 2002 he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Nation, the second highest honor in the Jamaican state. In March 1992, he resigned for health reasons. This term of office was quieter than the previous one and he largely refrained from further social reforms. Nevertheless, Manley was able to win the 1989 election again. The increasing violence and the still widespread poverty caused the PNP to lose the 1980 election significantly. Gangs, each close to one of the two major parties, fought street battles for supremacy in individual parts of the city, especially in Kingston. A state of emergency was declared in 1976 that same year an attempted coup against the government was uncovered before it could be carried out. Despite intensive negotiations, relations with the International Monetary Fund broke off and Jamaica lost loans that were believed to be safe.ĭue to the lack of money from international sources and the increasing drug trade across the island, the crime rate continued to rise. The close friendship between Manley and Fidel Castro and the close diplomatic relations between Jamaica and Cuba also contributed to this. For this reason, the new state order cannot be described as socialist, but was partially perceived as such abroad.
#MICHAEL MANLEY JAMAICA PRIME MINISTER FREE#
During his term of office, the democratic structures were maintained and the free market economy could continue to exist, albeit with restrictions. Other companies came into public ownership through acquisitions. He passed numerous social laws, for the financing of which he had several companies nationalized, above all banks, companies in the bauxite mining and large plantations. Manley worked to improve the living conditions of the poor. Manley's party, the People's National Party (PNP), clearly won the parliamentary elections in 1972 and, as the strongest faction, also provided the new prime minister. He was also related to former Prime Minister Alexander Bustamante. His father Norman Washington Manley was Chief Minister, his cousin Hugh Shearer was Prime Minister and his wife Edna Manley was a noted artist and activist.
Michael Manley came from one of Jamaica's most influential families.
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